PHILADELPHIA -- In the battle against Black unemployment, places like the Opportunities Industrialization Center are ground zero.

Savory aromas wafted from a king-size kitchen one recent day as the instructor demonstrated a fish recipe to a dozen aspiring cooks. Nearby, a mock hotel room was waiting to be cleaned. Downstairs, electrical fixtures hung from an exposed wall, ready to be wired. Here, the goal is "helping people help themselves" through literacy programs and training for hotel, clerical, building, retail and other jobs. "We have to give people transferable skills," said Robert C. Nelson, president and CEO of the Philadelphia OIC. There is a growing outcry among Black advocates for the Obama administration to target Black joblessness with similar training programs and direct job creation.

Black unemployment has climbed from 8.9 percent to 15.6 percent since the recession began in December 2007. In comparison, the nation's overall rate has risen from 4.9 to 10.0 percent. The White rate climbed from 4.4 percent to 9.3 percent. 

Although the gap between Black and White unemployment has narrowed, there has been a 1.2 percent decline in the Black labor-force participation rate, more than any other group which means that fewer Blacks are even looking for work. That has held down the Black unemployment rate, because such "discouraged workers" are not included in unemployment statistics. 

The Congressional Black Caucus recently sent a letter to President Barack Obama asking for $139 billion in unused bank bailout funds to be spent on a long list of training programs and job-creation efforts, including jobs directly created with federal dollars.