ITHACA, N.Y.

Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner, a Cornell University psychologist who pioneered an interdisciplinary approach to the study of child development and helped create the federal Head Start program, has died. He was 88.

Bronfenbrenner, a member of the Cornell faculty since 1948, died at his home Sunday from complications from diabetes, the school announced earlier this week.

The Russian-born Bronfenbrenner was credited with creating the interdisciplinary field of human ecology and was widely regarded as one of the world's leading scholars in developmental psychology and child-rearing.

Before Bronfenbrenner, child psychologists studied the child, sociologists examined the family, anthropologists the society, economists the economic framework of the times and political scientists the governing structure.

“Urie was the quintessential person for spurring psychologists to look up and realize that interpersonal relationships, even the smallest level of the child and the parent-child relationship, did not exist in a social vacuum,'' said Dr. Melvin L. Kohn, a professor of sociology at Johns Hopkins University, who studied under Bronfenbrenner.

Earlier in his career, Bronfenbrenner helped spur the creation of Head Start, the federal child development program for low-income children that has served millions of children since 1965.

According to an account on the American Psychological Association's Web site, Bronfenbrenner was on a Head Start planning committee appointed by R. Sargent Shriver, director of President Johnson's anti-poverty efforts. Bronfenbrenner persuaded his colleagues to include the family and community in Head Start, in order to better help poor children.

In his later years, Bronfenbrenner warned that the process that makes human beings human was breaking down as trends in American society produced chaos in the lives of America's children.

“The hectic pace of modern life poses a threat to our children second only to poverty and unemployment,'' he said.