The Face of AIDS: Overwhelmingly Black and Female
International conference in Toronto brings together AIDS scholars,
activists to discuss ways to combat the disease.
By B. Denise Hawkins
TORONTO
More than two decades after HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, first began killing gay White men, AIDS in America has become a Black disease. And the face it is wearing is overwhelmingly female.
The disease has quietly become the Black woman’s burden and, for many, a death sentence. AIDS is the top killer of Black women between the ages of 25 and 34. But the tide could be turning as infected Black women begin to channel their anger into power and protection, says Dr. Melanie Thompson, founder of the AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta. She is the principal investigator of a new Atlanta-based study that found that faster HIV tests administered in the field lead to more young and low-income women getting tested. Thompson’s organization is one of the first nonprofit community-based HIV/AIDS research centers in the United States. At the 16th International AIDS Conference in Toronto, she was one of three presenters scheduled to share their research on AIDS testing and the mobilization of Black college students, but the morning forum attracted an audience of one — a reporter.
At a time when Black women make up 64 percent of the nation’s female AIDS patients, HIV testing is critically important, says Thompson. She is partnering with Spelman College and Georgia State University to provide once-a-month, on-site testing for students in Atlanta. In the Atlanta metropolitan area, HIV/AIDS “is an insidious, growing epidemic that has gone virtually unnoticed in the Black community,” she says. According to the Georgia Department of Health, 88 percent of the women diagnosed with AIDS in Atlanta last year were Black. Many of these women are also engaged in daily battles against poverty, discrimination, violence and domestic abuse — issues that pose barriers to them getting tested, treated or just staying healthy.
But fear of infection or death apparently hasn’t been enough to motivate some Black women to protect themselves, says Dázon Dixon Diallo, founder and president of Atlanta’s SisterLove Inc. Founded in 1989, SisterLove is today considered the largest women’s AIDS organization in the Southeast. “Despite the data, we don’t personalize the disease or see ourselves at risk,” Diallo says.
Knowing your HIV status, she explains, not only helps to curb the spread of the disease by reducing risky behaviors, but can help those who are infected make informed decisions about their health care options.
While HIV testing has become increasingly cost-effective, testing rates for young and at-risk women remain low, according to the study, which began three years ago and concluded this year. The study focused on 1,310 women of all races. But for the Black community, Thompson, who is also a private practitioner in Atlanta and serves on Georgia’s State Task Force on AIDS, says testing and creating awareness of the disease are imperative.
Thompson’s findings “are right on target with what we know works in the Black community for reaching our people, especially women,” Diallo says. Bringing HIV testing, which has for years been shrouded in secrecy and stigma, to the Black community reflects “a cultural phenomenon that has taken people in the West a long time to figure out,” says Diallo.
Despite the staggering numbers of infections and deaths, HIV/AIDS remains “a very unrecognized problem in the Black community” observes Thompson. As AIDS hits ever-closer to home, she says Blacks can no longer afford to distance themselves from a disease that they and the nation once shrugged off as a problem specific to gay America and intravenous drug users.
Thompson’s study shows that testing that is readily available, especially when conducted outside of traditional health facilities, can motivate more Black women to get tested. While she followed women seeking testing at traditional health care facilities, she also conducted AIDS tests in the field at neighborhood churches, public housing complexes and community centers, for example. Many of the women in the study cited the convenience as a primary reason why they chose to take the AIDS test. The study also found that traditional HIV testing programs weren’t reaching African-American women because the tests weren’t convenient, accessible, anonymous or affordable.
The AIDS tests conducted by the AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta take 20-30 minutes, letting patients know quickly if they are HIV positive. If the tests do come back positive, the consortium draws blood to confirm the T-cell count, which determines how advanced the disease is, and then offers counseling and anti-AIDS medication.
But when it comes to clinical trials, Blacks, especially women, remain
under-represented. Initial findings in a small pilot study involving Black women at high risk for HIV showed that while there was an awareness of clinical trials and a willingness to participate, there were also many barriers. According to the study, many of the Black women studied distrusted the research and experimental drugs, were concerned for safety and were worried about a lack of access to Black health care providers.
“As long as HIV testing remains a separate service from other routine health care or testing,” Diallo says, “it will continue to be stigmatized and in the margins.”
© Copyright 2005 by DiverseEducation.com
